Kutumia sheria za kimataifa

HealthWiki > Mwongozo wa jamii juu ya afya ya mazingira > Sehemu ya nne: Kutumia sheria kupigania haki za kimazingira > Kutumia sheria za kimataifa

Katika sura hii:

 

Katika sura hii:

Sheria nyingi na mikataba inayokubalika na nchi wanachama wa Umoja wa Mataifa (karibu nchi zote duniani) hulinda haki za mazingira kwa ajili ya watu wote. Haki za binadamu ni kwa ajili ya kila mtu na jamii zote na haziwezi kuondolewa. Haki hizi zinatambulika kimataifa lakini ili haki hizi ziweze kufanya kazi vizuri, ni lazima watu wazijue na kuzitumia ipasavyo. Bila hatua za makusudi kuhakikisha zinatekelezwa katika ngazi ya kitaifa, sheria na mikataba ya kimataifa haiwezi kufanikiwa.

Mikataba ya kimataifa

Mikataba mingi ya kimataifa hulinda haki za binadamu na mazingira. Kwa bahati mbaya, mtu au kikundi hakiwezi, kwa kawaida, kufungua kesi au shauri mahakamani pale mikataba hiyo inapokiukwa. Ni nchi tu zenye mamlaka ya kidola, na ambazo zilitia saini mikataba hiyo, ambazo zinaweza kulalamika, na hata hivyo ni mara chache hufanya hivyo. Na mikataba hiyo inaweza kutekelezwa dhidi ya serikali lakini siyo mashirika au makampuni ya kimataifa. Hata hivyo, katika nchi nyingi, sheria za kimataifa zinaweza kutumika kwenye mahakama za nchi hizo. Kujifunza kuhusu msimamo ya mikataba hiyo ya kimataifa kunaweza kukusaidia kuelewa misimamo ya jamii ya kimataifa kuhusu masuala mbalimbali ya kimazingira, na kusaidia kuimarisha kampeni za kulinda haki za binadamu.

Iwapo watu watafahamu haki zao na mikataba ambayo nchi nyingi zimeafikiana, wataweza kutekeleza haki zao vizuri na kuzifanya serikali zao kuwajibika.

Ifuatayo ni orodha ya baadhi ya mikataba ya kimataifa ambayo inalinda haki za binadamu na mazingira, pamoja na tovuti zao ambapo utaweza kupata nakala ya mikataba hii na taarifa zaidi kuhusu jinsi inavyotumika

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The United Nations Charter www.un.org/en/about-us/un-charter The Stockholm Convention on the Elimination of POPS www.pops.int www.ipen.org The Universal Declaration of Human Rights www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights The United Nations Vancouver Declaration on Human Settlements www.un.org/en/conferences/habitat/vancouver1976 The Convention on the Rights of the Child www.unicef.org/crc/ The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal www.basel.int/text/con-e.htm www.ban.org The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change unfccc.int/ The Bamako Convention on the Ban of the Import into Africa and the Control of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes within Africa www.unep.org/explore-topics/environmental-rights-and-governance/what-we-do/meeting-international-environmental

The Convention on Biological Diversity www.cbd.int/ The Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade www.pic.int/ The Declaration on the Right to Development www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/74.htm The Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Environment/Pages/London-Convention-Protocol.aspx www.londonconvention.org The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights unhchr.ch/html.menu3/b/a_cescr.htm The Dublin Statement on Water and Sustainable Development www.gdrc.org/uem/water/dublin-statement.html The United Nations Declaration on Social Progress and Development unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/m_progre.htm The Millennium Declaration of Johannesburg www.un.org/esa/sustdev/documents/WSSD_POI_PD/English/POI_PD.htm The United Nations Vancouver Declaration on Human Settlements www.un-documents.net/van-dec.htm

Ukurasa huu ulihuishwa: 04 Juni 2022